Showing posts with label military strategy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label military strategy. Show all posts

Sun Pin: The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) Review

Sun Pin: The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China)
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Sun Pin: The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) ReviewThis 1996 volume in the Ballantine "Classics of Ancient China" series has been allowed to go out of print in its original format, although used copies seem to be readily available. There is a modified (but apparently not revised) 2003 edition under a different title from another publisher (see below). The Ballantine series was notable for offering texts re-edited or re-assessed on the basis of documentation recovered by archeologists in China during the 1970s, instead of the "received" texts handed down over centuries of copying, editing, and Imperial censorship, including some works otherwise lost. They combined up-to-date scholarship with an attractive presentation, popular appeal, and reasonable prices for bilingual volumes on rarefied topics.
For those not familiar with this one already, "Sun Pin ping-fa" was long thought to be a bibliographic ghost, or even a lost forgery, a long-missing supposed counterpart to the existing "Art of War" (Ping-Fa) of the elder Sun (Sun-tzu; in Pinyin transliteration, Bingfa and Sunzi). It was one of the texts described in Han Dynasty bibliographies and histories, but not reliably reported as existing for well over a thousand years, although sometimes quoted in compendia. The conclusions that it probably hadn't existed, or wasn't authentic if there was such a work, and that the supposed citations were worthless, had to be abandoned when substantial fragments of it, and other texts, turned up in 1972, during the excavation of early Han Dynasty tombs.
There have been several other translations of Sun Pin into English during the last decade, but the co-authors of this volume make a distinguished combination of an eminent senior Sinologist, with a long career working with the problems of early literary texts (Lau) and a sophisticated modern interpreter of Chinese intellectual history (Ames). Ames had earlier edited and translated an edition of Sun-tzu for the "Classics of Ancient China" series, which made use of archeologically-recovered ancient copies in addition to the received ("traditional") text, and re-assessed the place of "militarist" thinkers in early Chinese philosophy.
As a result of this collaboration, the reader is assured of first-rate technical scholarship, and clearly-expressed explanations. Their emphases, not unexpectedly, are on textual and linguistic problems, and the place of the text in the development of Chinese military and political theory.
The Ballantine Books production of the volume was outstanding. The Chinese text is presented in traditional vertical format, with as much or little space given it as necessary, and the English translation is presented beginning on a facing page. This leaves a lot of blank space, but it appears fully legible, and for the shorter chapters seems to be conveniently arranged for those able to read early Classical Chinese; the longer ones require flipping back a page or two to compare the original to the translation. A nice set of photographs includes the tombs, period weapons and other equipment, and some examples of the tomb texts as recovered. These last give some indication of the obstacles facing the Chinese scholars who had been given the task of publishing them.
As mentioned above, the Lau and Ames translation is available new (for the moment) as "Sun Bin: The Art of Warfare: A Translation of the Classic Chinese Work of Philosophy and Strategy" in the SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture (State University of New York Press, 2003). So far as I have been able to tell (and reported in my review of it) there were no textual changes in the English text beyond the replacement of Wade-Giles transliterations with Pinyin equivalents, but it was substantially altered in appearance. The English print is smaller, or at least more cramped-looking (reduced leading?). The Chinese text now runs horizontally (although the characters seem larger and more easily distinguishable), and, with white space drastically reduced, the blocks of Chinese alternate with blocks of English on the same page in a manner which may be confusing. (The difference is particularly evident in Part III, "Texts Recovered From Later, Commentarial, Historical, and Encyclopedic Sources," which becomes very crowded and a bit confusing.) The photographs are omitted, except for one used as cover art. As a result, the 367 total pages (including plates) of the Ballantine edition are reduced to just 265.
Of the several other translations of the fragmentary, and in part enigmatic, text of Sun Bin that are now available, "Military Methods of The Art of War" by Ralph D. Sawyer, with the collaboration of Mei-chun Lee Sawyer, published in various formats, may be the most satisfactory alternative, or, better, companion volume. It is somewhat more popular in presentation than Lau and Ames, but the most important difference is the Sawyers' attempt to place the text in the military (and political) history of China (as against Ames on the the history of Chinese military thought), a topic on which they have produced a series of translations and studies, including the monumental "Seven Military Classics of Ancient China," offering the whole "Military Canon" as established in the eleventh century.Sun Pin: The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) Overview

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The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) Review

The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China)
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The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) ReviewI haven't read or even so much as glanced at any other translations or publications of Sun-Tzu's Art of Warfare, and as far as I'm concerned I didn't need to. This edition is a wonderful translation, easily readable and understandable while remaining true to the Chinese. In fact, for verification purposes, the original text is contained opposite nearly every page.
The translator starts off with a very interesting introduction probably longer than the book itself; while a little boring at times, it was a very necessary addition. He explains to the reader the history of the various finds that have gone towards completing the text, the structure of the text, the historical background and anecdotes of Sun-Tzu, compares fundamental western beliefs and mindsets to eastern, and generally just analyzes this work and puts it into perspective for the reader.
As for Sun-Tzu's work itself -- it's great. If you read it carefully, you'll be surprised to not how much of this stuff you already know, how much is simply common sense -- but the format and presentation and conciseness of it is astounding. It presents the material in an accessible way that's understandable and readable. Also including here, alongside the initial 13 chapters, are all kinds of Art of Warfare fragments which have been unearthed, most of which are pretty interesting.
This book is a must read if you are at all interesting in war or the context thereof.The Art of Warfare (Classics of Ancient China) Overview

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The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China (Translations from the Asian Classics) Review

The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China (Translations from the Asian Classics)
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The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China (Translations from the Asian Classics) ReviewThis book took over ten years to complete, and the dedication of the authors is clear from the first page. The introduction to the Huainanzi is clear and nuanced, and would be appropriate for scholars of China and also those who know little about the field. The translation of the text is splendid: it shows that the original text was not simply a text but was also poetry. The footnotes are carefully crafted and useful for the reader. The introduction to (almost) each chapter is a very useful tool for the reader unfamiliar with the material. Even though the chapters were translated by different scholars, I was also impressed with how consistent the translations were written. The only criticism I have with the structure is the addition of Chapter sections. I think the introduction to the chapters is sufficient for smooth reading.
The text of the Huainanzi itself is fascinating. The purpose of the book was to aid the emperor with rulership, and so it is filled with advice, knowledge about the cosmos, and strategic designs. It was compiled by Liu An during the Han dynasty and is thus composed of information from a variety of sources--thus it has often been described as an "encyclopedia." Actually, one can see from the translation that there is an agenda within the text: an agenda for how to properly rule China.
Aside from the topic of rule, the Huainanzi includes a great deal of philosophical material on the cosmos and how humans fit into the Way (dao). There is a detailed description of the formation of the cosmos and its eventual transformation. Chapter 3 is dedicated to astronomy and astrology. Time and space, yin and yang, human consciousness--all covered in the first half of the text. The second half is dedicated to rule, but these philosophical concepts are still at the core of such discussions.
All in all, I believe this book is essential for all scholars of China. The Huainanzi was greatly influential throughout later periods of Chinese history, and so gaining a clear understanding of the principles held within is important. But even nonspecialists have much to gain from the Huainanzi, especially if they are interested in early philosophy.The Huainanzi: A Guide to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China (Translations from the Asian Classics) Overview

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