Showing posts with label labor policy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label labor policy. Show all posts

globalization: n. the irrational fear that someone in China will take your job Review

globalization: n. the irrational fear that someone in China will take your job
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globalization: n. the irrational fear that someone in China will take your job ReviewThis book provides a thought-provoking summary and analysis of the economics of globalization. It is a quick read and the authors don't intend to provide substantial depth, but it is refreshing as one of the few texts willing to argue that globalization is not only not new, but not worth all the angst it has generated.
The authors' thesis: much of the fear associated with globalization is misplaced, because there is much more local control over economic success than either pro or anti-globalizers are willing to acknowledge. Or as they title one of their chapters: "Countries Control Their Fates." They support this thesis with an analysis of the factors they believe underlie the economic success of China, India and other successful developing countries. They emphasize sustained increases in productivity growth brought about by continuous improvement in efficiency--akin to what the Japanese term kaizen (though they don't call it that). They reject the projections by economist Alan Blinder and others that offshoring may threaten tens of millions of US jobs.
Subsequent chapters analyze trends in employment, wages, and a theory of the firm that concludes that local dominance, supported by a keen knowledge of local consumers and markets, is the way to profit. They correctly note that business formulas often do not translate from one culture to another (remember WalMart's failures abroad) and that an irony of globalization is that markets generally become even more competitive as they become global, reducing profits to firms stuck in commodity businesses. Their analysis of employment data are compelling.
The most valuable chapter in the text is Chapter 6, which analyzes the challenges that befall the country that happens to issue the global reserve currency, now the US dollar. This is the best short explanation anywhere of the process by which this country initially benefits but is likely to eventually face the challenge of chronic current account deficits. Their suggested solution is worth considering.
I'm glad I read the book, but it is minimally successful at dispelling anxiety about the rise of China as a manufacturing power. Their explanation of the country's success is too simplistic, and will do nothing to dissuade anti-globalizers who believe-with justification-that low wages, lack of regulation, cheap capital and poor working conditions fueled the country's boom years, enticing manufacturers away from high wage countries in the process. (See Huang's Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics for a provocative analysis of China's economic transformation). But their arguments that competition in services is less likely than Blinder and others believe are more persuasive.
And a major omission of the text is its failure to even mention energy. Sustained increases in the price of oil eventually will blunt trade in goods.
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Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labour Markets (Routledge Contemporary China Series) Review

Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labour Markets (Routledge Contemporary China Series)
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Unemployment in China: Economy, Human Resources and Labour Markets (Routledge Contemporary China Series) ReviewWhy should the world care about unemployment (shiye) in China? The Chinese produce a lot of what you eat (consume), and 1.4 billion Chinese eat a lot of what the world produces. Those are direct implications. Indirectly China currently ranks among the top destinations of foreign direct investment and technology. Hence, good economic performance is good employment opportunities, not only for Chinese but the world as well.
However, with the changing structure of the Chinese economy, unemployment fell between 1980 and 1985, before it picked up with the restructuring and semi-privatization of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Urban labor received the hardest punch and income inequality in China is currently the highest in Asia and rising. Thus, China is an exception to the Asian growth with equity miracles of the 1990s.
The first two chapters of the book describe the history of unemployment and its macro-dimensions. After that the discussion moves on to the implications of unemployment on labor relations, especially the weakening effect downsizing has had on trade unions. About the "gender dimension" the book finds that there is "no evidence that women have borne a disproportionate share of the job losses at the most aggregate level" (p. 7) in SOEs, but they have suffered in privately owned enterprises. The net impact of unemployment on women was zero to negative. Unemployment also had large psychological impacts, especially among the official elite who felt demoted socially, and the less educated who were practically excluded from the modern job market. The psychological effect disrupted spousal relationships, a very big disturbance since the family is the centre of harmony in a traditional Chinese society. Associated with the psychological effects of unemployment were increased job-searching and skill-upgrading costs. These are the effects of urban unemployment.
Rural unemployment is still hard to measure in China, and is oftentimes masked by nice terms like "surplus labor", "underemployment", and "hidden unemployment". If all these are taken to be "unemployment", rural joblessness is also a big problem in China.
The last five chapters of the book look at labor markets in China. They focus on Shanghai, the Chinese embedded economies of Hong Kong and Macao, and on eight Chinese steel companies including Nanjing Steel. Generally speaking unemployment is not as a serious problem for these economies as is income inequality. On average "shiye" declined pre-reform and increased significantly post-reform.
A very good book for any one interested in the global economy and China's place in it.
Amavilah, Author
Modeling Determinants of Income in Embedded Economies
ISBN: 1600210465
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